A Guide To Green Gemstones

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When you ask someone to name a green gemstone, their most likely answer is emerald – and not without good reason. Emerald is one of the “Big Four” gemstones most frequently used in jewelry, along with diamond, ruby, and sapphire. But did you know there are many other light and dark green gemstones to choose from? Learn more about these alternatives below, along with how to assess the color and quality of green gemstones.

Before we begin, note that we have divided our list of green gemstones into three sections to make it easy to distinguish between gems that are suitable for everyday wear, those that should be reserved for special occasions, and those that are for display purposes only.

What are Green Gemstones?

Green gemstones are a captivating category of gemstones that exhibit a spectrum of green hues, ranging from light mint green to deep, dark green. These stones can be found in various forms, including transparent, translucent, and opaque, each offering a unique visual appeal. The green color in these gemstones is often due to the presence of trace elements such as chromium, vanadium, or iron within their mineral structure.

Some of the most well-known green gemstones include emerald, jade, tourmaline, and garnet, each with its own distinct characteristics and properties. For instance, emeralds are renowned for their vivid green color and inclusions, while jade is celebrated for its toughness and cultural significance. Green tourmaline, also known as verdelite, is prized for its clarity and affordability, making it a popular choice for jewelry. Green garnets, such as tsavorite and demantoid, are admired for their brilliance and rich green hues.

These green stones are not only valued for their beauty but also for their symbolic meanings. Throughout history, green gemstones have been associated with growth, renewal, and prosperity, making them a favored choice for various types of jewelry and decorative objects.

Brief History of Green Gemstones

Green gemstones have been cherished for their beauty and symbolic meanings for centuries. In ancient civilizations, such as those of the Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans, green gemstones were often associated with fertility, prosperity, and good fortune. The Egyptians, for example, highly valued emeralds and used them in various forms of jewelry and decorative objects. Cleopatra, the famous Egyptian queen, was known for her love of emeralds, which were believed to bring her wisdom and protection.

The Greeks and Romans also prized green gemstones, using them in their jewelry and amulets. Green stones like jade were revered in ancient China for their association with purity and moral integrity. Jade was often carved into intricate shapes and used in ceremonial objects and jewelry.

Today, green gemstones continue to be highly valued for their beauty, rarity, and cultural significance. They are used in a wide range of jewelry, from engagement rings to statement pieces, and are often seen as symbols of renewal and growth.

Rarity and Value of Green Gemstones

The rarity and value of green gemstones can vary significantly based on several factors, including their type, quality, size, and origin. For example, emeralds and green diamonds are among the most highly valued green gemstones due to their exceptional color and rarity.

Market demand, fashion trends, and cultural significance can also influence the value of green gemstones. For instance, the popularity of certain green stones in jewelry can drive up their prices, while gemstones with historical or cultural importance may also see increased value. Ultimately, the value of green gemstones is a combination of their intrinsic qualities and external market factors.

Emerging Trends For Green Gems

As consumers become increasingly environmentally conscious, the demand for eco-friendly and ethically sourced gemstones is also set to rise. This could potentially drive up the popularity of green gemstones like emeralds in coming years, given their connotations with life and growth.

Additionally, societal shifts toward health, wellness, and sustainability post the COVID-19 pandemic may also enhance the appeal of green gems due to the psychological connection between the color green and growth, prosperity, and new beginnings.

Finally, the above trends could lead to some lesser-known green gems taking the stage alongside the classic emerald as more people become aware of these options.

How To Assess Color and Quality in Green Gemstones

There are three factors that experts consider when evaluating the color of a gemstone. These include hue, tone, and saturation:

• Hue refers to the base color of a gemstone. It can consist of a single primary color, or it can include secondary colors as well. For green gemstones, the primary hue is green with blue or yellow secondary hues. While pure green is the most desirable color, green gems with a bluish tint are usually preferred over yellowish-green stones.
• Tone describes the relative lightness or darkness of a gem’s hue. Typically, the darker the hue, the more valuable the stone. However, it is sometimes difficult to appreciate the color of darker green gems, so lighter stones are often favored instead.
• Saturation denotes the intensity of a color. Gems with a lower saturation sometimes feature a gray or brown tint, while highly saturated gems have much more vivid colors. Consequently, green stones that display the brightest, most saturated colors are the most valuable.

Another factor that impacts a gemstone’s quality is clarity. Gemstone clarity is not simply a measure of how transparent a particular gem is, but rather refers to the natural imperfections within each stone. Keep this in mind when shopping for a green gemstone since those with large inclusions or fractures can be more susceptible to breaking.

Green Gems For Everyday Wear

If you’re looking for a green gemstone that you can wear frequently without being too concerned about breaking it by accident, check out the options below. These stones score a minimum of 6.5 on the Mohs scale for mineral hardness, making them scratch-resistant and durable enough for daily wear.

Jade

This iconic green gemstone actually encompasses two mineral varieties: jadeite and nephrite. While nephrite jade is more readily available, jadeite jade produces the highly sought-after apple-green color variety known as “imperial jade”.

Both nephrite and jadeite are extremely tough gemstones. So tough that even a blow from a hammer won’t shatter them. Their durability, along with their musical properties, made them a popular material in ancient China for musical instruments, including chimes, gongs, and xylophones.

Other cultures have also used jade for making tools, weapons, and ornaments, and it has even been buried with the dead since the color green is associated with the heart chakra.

Green Tourmaline: Verdelite and Chrome Tourmaline

Green tourmaline is also known as verdelite. Verdelite is an excellent alternative to emerald since it exhibits better clarity and durability. You can also buy larger gems at lower prices, offering excellent value for money.

However, if you’re looking for something a bit more special, chrome tourmaline is another variety of green tourmaline you can get. Also called chrome dravite, chrome tourmaline is more expensive than verdelite since it is not as readily available, but its saturated green color makes it worth the extra money. It owes its deep green hue to trace amounts of chromium and vanadium, the same elements that give emeralds their characteristic green hue.

Green Garnets: Tsavorite and Demantoid

Although red is the color that most people associate with garnet, these gemstones are available in almost every color, including green. Tsavorite and demantoid are two examples of green gemstones from the garnet family, though green garnets can go by many other names depending on their composition.

Tsavorite garnet is one of the most popular types of green garnet due to its dark green, emerald-like color. Fortunately, gem-quality tsavorite garnet is not hard to find in sizes below one carat and is generally not too expensive.

However, if you’re looking for something at the higher end of the price range, consider a demantoid garnet. This grass-green variety of garnet is rarer and more expensive than any of the others and exhibits a brilliance that rivals diamonds (hence its name, which means “diamond-like”).

Bloodstone

The name “bloodstone” may seem like a bit of a misnomer for this dark green gemstone. However, the name actually comes from the flecks of red on the surface of the gemstone that resemble drops of blood.

A member of the chalcedony family, bloodstones are often cut en cabochon, though they can also be faceted. A hard stone with a score of 7 on the Mohs hardness scale, bloodstone makes an excellent choice for everyday green gemstone jewelry.

Green Diamond

Green diamonds result from defects within the crystal structure of a diamond in the presence of hydrogen, nitrogen, and nickel. However, green diamonds can also develop due to natural irradiation that occurs while the gemstones form underground.

Since the color is usually confined to a thin layer at the surface of the stone, these diamonds are typically pale green in color. Green diamonds that exhibit a medium tone with strong saturation are incredibly rare and, therefore, sell for the most amount of money.

Regarded as one of the rarest colors among the Fancy Diamonds, the probability of finding a green diamond at your local jewelry store is unlikely, with the likelihood of the average person being able to afford one even lower. However, if a natural green diamond is beyond your budget, you can also find treated green diamonds at a fraction of the price.

Maw Sit Sit

Maw sit sit is a beautiful green gemstone that features attractive black inclusions due to trace amounts of the mineral kosmochlor. It has a similar appearance to jade, but it is mined exclusively in Myanmar (modern-day Burma). Maw sit sit is also more affordable than jade, which is unusual since jadeite is one of the trace elements responsible for producing its bright green hues.

Green Chrysoberyl

There are many different varieties of chrysoberyl, with the most well-known being the chatoyant “cat’s eye” chrysoberyl and color-changing alexandrite, both of which are highly valued green crystals. However, ordinary chrysoberyl is a brown to yellow, yellow-green, or green stone with a transparent to translucent diaphaneity (meaning light can pass through it).

An exceptionally hard gemstone with a score of 8.5 out of 10 on the Mohs scale, a well-cut chrysoberyl makes an attractive and practical green gem for everyday wear.

Chrysoprase

Another variety of chalcedony that bears a close resemblance to jade, chrysoprase ranges from apple to olive green. However, unlike other varieties of chalcedony, which mostly derive their color from chromium, chrysoprase gets its vivid green hue from the presence of nickel.

Although it is a hard gemstone that is suitable for daily wear, chrysoprase may fade under prolonged exposure to heat or sunlight. However, some color may be recovered if the stone is stored in a moist, dark environment.

The fact that most gem-quality chrysoprase comes from Australia has earned it the nickname “Australian jade”.

Prasiolite

Prasiolite is a pale green gem variety of quartz. It is not a particularly well-known gem since it is not often seen in commercial jewelry. It is also rarely found in nature. Instead, most prasiolite is produced by treating light-colored amethyst (a purple variety of quartz) with heat or irradiation.

Green Sapphire

Most people are surprised to learn that sapphire comes in a range of other colors besides blue. These are known as Fancy Sapphires and include the color green. Green sapphire colors range from light to dark green, though the most common color is olive green.

Because sapphire is one of the most durable gemstones in existence, green sapphire makes an excellent choice for an everyday gem and will hold up well in jewelry like an engagement ring.

In addition, because they are not as popular as the blue gems, green sapphires are generally quite affordable. Most green sapphires also display some yellow or blue color zoning, which can further reduce their price.

Idocrase (Vesuvianite)

Idocrase gets its alternative name from Mt. Vesuvius, the volcano in the area where it was first discovered. Though it is not often used in jewelry, this green stone can make a beautiful faceted gem and is sometimes mistaken for peridot. When cut en cabochon, idocrase can also bear a resemblance to jade.

Aventurine

“Aventurescence” describes the visual effect caused by minute crystal inclusions in this particular group of gemstones, giving them a shimmery appearance. Aventurine is also characterized by its translucency and blueish, mint green color.

Green Gemstones for Occasional Wear

Unfortunately, not all green gemstones are suitable for everyday wear. In fact, many green gemstones are fairly soft, making them susceptible to scratches and breakage. Jewelry containing these precious stones should be reserved for special occasions or mounted in protective settings to reduce the risk of damaging them.

Emerald

Emerald is probably the most well-known of all the green gemstones on this list. First mined by the ancient Egyptians, this radiant green stone is steeped in legend and is said to have been one of Cleopatra’s favorite gems.

Despite having a hardness of 7.5 to 8 on the Mohs hardness scale, emerald is a rather fragile gemstone. This is due to the many inclusions in its crystal structure, making it brittle and weak. The inclusions can also affect their clarity, so most emeralds are treated with oil to improve their appearance.

Peridot

Peridot is one of the few gems that only occur in a single color, green. Interestingly, it was named the “gem of the sun” by the ancient Egyptians and has occasionally been mistaken for yellow gold. This is primarily due to the different amounts of iron trace elements in each gem, which causes the colors to vary from olive to chartreuse.

As it turns out, the ancient Egyptians weren’t far off with their nickname for these yellow-green stones, as peridot is known to occur in outer space! We know this because they have been recovered from Pallasite meteorites that have fallen to Earth.

Unfortunately, peridot is not a durable gemstone and can break if it receives a hard knock. It is also sensitive to acids and can crack when exposed to extreme temperature changes.

Chrome Diopside

If you’re looking for an inexpensive green gem with a color that rivals emerald and tsavorite garnet, chrome diopside is an excellent choice.

First discovered in Russia in 1988, this deep green gem is relatively new to the gem trade. Nevertheless, its vivid color, combined with its affordability, quickly led to it becoming one of the most popular green gemstones for costume jewelry.

The only downside to chrome diopside is that it is a relatively soft stone, making it prone to scratches. It is also quite brittle and can split apart if struck.

Moldavite

Moldavite is a type of natural glass with an interesting formation process. Most of it is thought to have formed as a result of the heat from an asteroid that hit South-Eastern Europe, which liquified some of the rock in the vicinity. The impact from the asteroid sent the liquid flying into the atmosphere, which then cooled as it fell back towards Earth, forming millions of glass fragments that landed all over Europe.

Because most moldavite lies buried deep within the Earth, the extraction processes for this extraterrestrial gem are difficult. Thus, moldavite is one of the more expensive green gemstones to get your hands on.

Turquoise

While turquoise is best known for its signature teal color, this gemstone also comes in green. Green turquoise results from traces of aluminum or iron in the presence of reduced quantities of copper since higher amounts result in the primary blue hue that most people associate with turquoise. However, when zinc is also added to the mix, it produces a rare apple-green gem variety that can only be found in a few locations around the world, including Mongolia and the United States.

Sunstone and Oregon Sunstone

Along with aventurine, sunstone is among the gem varieties that exhibit aventurescence, a phenomenon that produces a glittery effect on the surface of the gemstone. In the case of sunstone, this effect is caused by minute iron-bearing inclusions, while the inclusions in Oregon sunstone contain copper. Although red is the most popular color for these gemstones, green to blue-green gems are also available.

Zoisite

Zoisite is the same mineral that produces tanzanite, the second most popular blue gem after sapphire. However, zoisite also comes in other colors, ranging from red, pink, and brown to yellow and green.

Due to the popularity of its blue counterpart, green zoisite has sometimes mistakenly been labeled “green tanzanite”. However, unlike tanzanite, which is often seen as a transparent faceted stone, green zoisite is almost always opaque and usually includes black veins or inclusions.

Ruby-in-zoisite is another interesting variety composed of green zoisite, red corundum crystals (i.e., ruby), and occasionally black hornblende, resulting in a stone with a watermelon-like appearance.

Malachite

Malachite is an opaque gemstone that derives its verdant green color from copper. It is one of the most recognizable green gemstones thanks to the concentric dark circles or “bands” on the surface of the gem.

A soft stone, most malachite is treated with wax or resin to give it an extra layer of protection.

Green Zircon

Not to be confused with cubic zirconia, zircon is a stunning natural gem coveted by gem collectors for its high refractive index and spectacular brilliance.

Green zircon is, therefore, an excellent alternative to green diamond, though you may be just as hard-pressed to find one. As it happens, green zircons are exceptionally rare. They form due to metamictization, a process involving natural radiation that causes changes to the crystal lattice of the gemstone over long periods of time.

Though green zircon has a hardness rating of 6 to 7.5, making it hard enough to resist scratches, faceted gems are prone to chipping and should be limited to occasional wear to minimize damage.

Serpentine

Serpentine comprises a group of minerals that come in various shades of green, are nearly always opaque and are very easy to cut into shapes, making them popular for carving.

Fibrous varieties of serpentine have also been used in making asbestos. However, its use today has been limited since the fibers are known to contribute to respiratory disease.

As a gemstone, serpentine makes a great jade lookalike, especially when cut en cabochon, and is relatively inexpensive. It also happens to be the official state rock of California.

Prehnite

Prehnite is a rare gemstone that forms due to low-grade metamorphism in mafic volcanic rock. Its translucence, combined with its soft mint green hue, makes for a very attractive jewelry stone that can have a velvety appearance when cut en cabochon.

Green Apatite

Apatite refers to a group of minerals that occur abundantly in nature. Each variety has its own name, but many are simply sold as “apatites” without further classification.

Blue-green stones resembling Paraiba tourmalines are the most valuable color variety for apatites, though they also come in several other colors. Yellow-green apatites, or “asparagus stones”, are available, too.

Apatite is an exceptionally brittle gemstone, making it better suited for use in pendants and earrings than rings and bracelets.

Variscite

Variscite is a lovely light green mineral that is often confused with turquoise. However, it is considerably rarer and is usually more greenish in color.

Despite its rarity, variscite is a typically inexpensive stone. This is because there is relatively little demand for it in the jewelry industry, though it makes for an attractive cabochon in a pendant or pair of earrings.

Kornerupine

Kornerupine is a rare gemstone that is primarily sought-after by gem collectors, though it is suitable for jewelry with a hardness ranging from 6 to 7. However, gem-quality kornerupine is exceptionally scarce, with most stones featuring dark green to brown hues that are unattractive for jewelry pieces. Lighter green specimens are much more appealing, but these stones are generally small, with the prices for larger sizes growing exponentially.

Green Gemstones For Display Purposes Only

The following green gemstones are much more fragile than the other gems on this list and should be safely stored in a display case, where their beauty can be appreciated from a distance.

Chrome Sphene

Also known as titanite, sphene emits great sparkle when properly cut, with a fire or dispersion that exceeds diamonds. Chrome sphene from Baja California is the rarest and most valuable variety for this particular species, exhibiting a fine emerald color.

Ekanite

Being naturally radioactive, ekanite is not a gem that should be handled frequently (at least not without the necessary precautions) and is certainly not recommended for jewelry. While its muted olive-green color gives it an unassuming appearance, large specimens of ekanite pose a health risk since they contain the radioactive elements uranium and thorium.

Hiddenite

A pale to emerald green gem variety of the mineral spodumene, hiddenite is one of the most challenging gemstones to cut. This is due to its perfect cleavage, which means that it has a tendency to shatter under even the slightest amount of force.

While they may be better off in a display case, hiddenite gems can be mounted in protective jewelry settings and worn as earrings or pendants that are less likely to get knocked about.

Gaspeite

Gaspeite is a light green nickel-bearing mineral that bears a slight similarity to green turquoise, though it often features brownish veins of rock.

Despite having a hardness rating of 4.5 to 5, gaspeite is frequently used to produce cabochons and beads and is often mounted in inlaid jewelry settings.

Seraphinite (Clinochlore)

Seraphinite gets its name from the feathery white inclusions resembling angels’ wings that run across the surface of this dark green gemstone. The trade name for green clinochlore, seraphinite is especially attractive when cut and polished as a cabochon. However, its lack of hardness means it is best suited for viewing purposes only.

Conclusion

While emerald is likely to remain the most popular green gem for the foreseeable future, there are many other green gemstones out there. As the list above has demonstrated, green gemstones can be found all over the world and come in all sorts of different primary and secondary colors, hardness levels, and wearability grades.